The central feature of patent law in the chemical, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical
industries is the genus claim-a patent claim that covers not just one specific chemical but a …

As finding breakthrough small-molecule drugs becomes more difficult, drug companies are
increasingly turning to" large molecule" biologics. Although biologics represent many of the …

In May of 2005, a team of scientists made headlines after the prestigious journal Science
published a report that they had cloned human embryos.'Only a few months later, the team …

Pharmaceutical companies often replace prescription drugs that are already on the market
with modified versions that have the same active pharmaceutical ingredient. On the surface …

Artificial intelligence and machine learning represent powerful tools in many fields, ranging
from criminal justice to human biology to climate change. Part of the power of these tools …

Medicine is both expensive and imprecise. Although doctors have an increasingly
expansive toolkit of treatment options, knowing which drug to give to which patient-and how …

Antibodies constitute a staggering $145 billion annual market-an amount projected to almost
double by 2026. Consequently, patents covering antibodies are among the most valuable in …

Clinical research faces a reproducibility crisis. Many recent clinical and preclinical studies
appear to be irreproducible-their results cannot be verified by outside researchers. This is …

A HOLISTIC LOOK AT AGENCY ENFORCEMENT* Page 1 A HOLISTIC LOOK AT AGENCY
ENFORCEMENT* DAVID L. MARKELL** & ROBERT L. GLICKSMAN*** The law review …

Patent law assumes that stronger protection promotes innovation, yet empirical evidence to
test this" innovation hypothesis" is lacking. This Article argues that historical case studies …