Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during melanogenesis make melanocytes
particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, influencing their survival and melanin synthesis …

Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder with a complex pathogenesis, of which the
treatment is challenging. Conventional treatment often leads to inconsistent results with …

Purchasing and consumption behaviour is a factor with an important impact on sustainable
development. In this regard, the clothing category plays a key role due to the high volume of …

Abstract Background and Objectives Melasma is a common, therapeutically challenging,
and very often relapsing disorder of hyperpigmentation most often observed in women. Low …

Background While combined laser and topical treatments are currently a common approach
to melasma treatment, data on the efficacy and safety of this combined therapy remain …

Background Melasma is a prevalent, persistent hyperpigmentation disorder that negatively
affects the psychological health of patients. However, the treatment outcome remains …

Background Melasma is considered as a type of acquired facial pigmentary disorder that is
challenging to treat. Low‐fluence 1064 nm Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser (LQSNY) has clinical …

Objectives Pulsed laser treatment of melasma has shown some promising results. To
compare the effectiveness and safety of 755‐nm picosecond alexandrite laser (PSAL) fitted …

Background Melasma is a common disorder of hyperpigmentation that affects populations
globally and can adversely affect quality of life. Topical therapies—including hydroquinone …

Relevance Vitiligo is a common skin depigmentation disorder caused by the autoimmune
destruction of melanocytes, resulting in non-scaly, white macules and patches. Vitiligo does …