Making causal inferences regarding human behaviour is difficult given the complex interplay
between countless contributors to behaviour, including factors in the external world and our …

Path models to test claims about mediation and moderation are a staple of psychology. But
applied researchers may sometimes not understand the underlying causal inference …

In psychological science, researchers often pay particular attention to the distinction
between within-and between-persons relationships in longitudinal data analysis. Here, we …

Psychological science's “credibility revolution” has produced an explosion of metascientific
work on improving research practices. Although much attention has been paid to replicability …

We estimated the degree to which language used in the high-profile medical/public
health/epidemiology literature implied causality using language linking exposures to …

The avoidance of causality in the design, analysis and interpretation of non-experimental
studies has often been criticised as an untenable scientific stance, because theories are …

An observational study might support a causal claim if the association found cannot be
explained by bias due to unconsidered confounders. This bias depends on how strongly the …

The present study is a small-scale conceptual replication of Haber et al.'s (2022) study which
examined how causal and associational language is used in observational health research …

Research suggests that second language proficiency is key in students' study progress.
Prior research primarily focused on the statistical relation between proficiency and success …

The present study examines whether the issues with implied causal inference identified by
Haber et al.(2022) in observational health research extend to the field of industrial …