Both structural and inflammatory cells are capable of secreting transforming growth factor
(TGF)‐β and expressing TGF‐β receptors. TGF‐β can induce multiple cellular responses …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family members are polypeptides with dual tumor
suppressive and oncogenic effects. They signal through serine/threonine kinase receptor …

Human cartilage is a complex tissue of matrix proteins that vary in amount and orientation
from superficial to deep layers and from loaded to unloaded zones. A major challenge to …

Purpose A greater understanding of the biology of tumor recurrence should improve
adjuvant treatment decision making. We conducted a validation study of the 12-gene …

Tumour blood vessels are gateways for distant metastasis. Recent studies have revealed
that tumour endothelial cells (TECs) demonstrate distinct phenotypes from their normal …

Extracellular matrix proteins control the formation of the inorganic component of hard tissues
including bone, dentin, and enamel. The structural proteins expressed primarily in the …

Background Progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is largely the result
of genetic and/or epigenetic alterations in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) promotes extracellular matrix deposition by down-
regulating the expression of matrix degrading proteinases and upregulating their inhibitors …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β treatment of human vascular smooth-muscle cells
increases the expression of biglycan and causes marked elongation of its …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) serves critical functions in brain injury, especially in
cerebral ischemia; however, apart from its neuroprotective effects, its role in regulating …