Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is characteristic of almost all fundamental lineages of
land plants. Unfortunately, the timings of WGD events are loosely constrained and 

The molecular clock presents a means of estimating evolutionary rates and timescales using
genetic data. These estimates can lead to important insights into evolutionary processes and 

Beetles constitute the most biodiverse animal order with over 380 000 described species
and possibly several million more yet unnamed. Recent phylogenomic studies have arrived 

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with
plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However 

Big, time-scaled phylogenies are fundamental to connecting evolutionary processes to
modern biodiversity patterns. Yet inferring reliable phylogenetic trees for thousands of 

The order Hymenoptera (wasps, ants, sawflies, and bees) represents one of the most
diverse animal lineages, but whether specific key innovations have contributed to its 

High-throughput sequencing projects generate genome-scale sequence data for species-
level phylogenies,–. However, state-of-the-art Bayesian methods for inferring timetrees are 

Establishing the timescale of early land plant evolution is essential for testing hypotheses on
the coevolution of land plants and Earth's System. The sparseness of early land plant 

Background Fish classifications, as those of most other taxonomic groups, are being
transformed drastically as new molecular phylogenies provide support for natural groups 

Summary Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, and bees) are one of four mega-diverse
insect orders, comprising more than 153,000 described and possibly up to one million