Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a substantial threat to human health. The widespread
prevalence of AMR is, in part, due to the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes …

SUMMARY β-Lactam antibiotics have been widely used as therapeutic agents for the past
70 years, resulting in emergence of an abundance of β-lactam-inactivating β-lactamases …

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major concerns in clinical
settings impelling a great challenge to antimicrobial therapy for patients with infections …

Klebsiella oxytoca is actually a complex of nine species—Klebsiella grimontii, Klebsiella
huaxiensis, Klebsiella michiganensis, K. oxytoca, Klebsiella pasteurii, Klebsiella …

Carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been listed by the WHO as high‐
priority pathogens owing to their high association with mortalities and morbidities …

Due to selective pressure from the widespread use of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes
(ARGs) are found in human hosts, plants, and animals and virtually all natural environments …

Multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a serious health threat, especially in hospitals. Horizontal
gene transfer (HGT) of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) facilitates the spread of antibiotic …

The Enterobacteriales order consists of seven families including Enterobacteriaceae,
Erwiniaceae, Pectobacteriaceae, Yersiniaceae, Hafniaceae, Morganellaceae, and …

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) and hypervirulence (hv) were exhibited by different well-
separated Klebsiella pneumoniae lineages in the past, but their convergence clones—MDR …

The rise of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represents an increasing threat to
patient safety and healthcare systems worldwide. Citrobacter spp., long considered not to be …