During the course of their ontogenesis plants are continuously exposed to a large variety of
abiotic stress factors which can damage tissues and jeopardize the survival of the organism …

The redox state of the chloroplast and mitochondria, the two main powerhouses of
photosynthesizing eukaryotes, is maintained by a delicate balance between energy …

Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plants and algae and, by extension, are
essential for most life on Earth. Their maintenance is costly and complex due to the inherent …

The term retrograde signaling refers to the fact that chloroplasts and mitochondria utilize
specific signaling molecules to convey information on their developmental and physiological …

Significance: In photosynthetic organisms, excited chlorophylls (Chl) can stimulate the
formation of singlet oxygen (1O2), a highly toxic molecule that acts in addition to its …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a ubiquitous genetically regulated process consisting in an
activation of finely controlled signaling pathways that lead to cellular suicide. Although some …

Plastids contain multiple copies of the plastid chromosome, folded together with proteins
and RNA into nucleoids. The degree to which components of the plastid gene expression …

Like no other chemical or physical parameter, the natural light environment of plants
changes with high speed and jumps of enormous intensity. To cope with this variability …

Enhanced levels of singlet oxygen (1O2) in chloroplasts trigger programmed cell death. The
impact of 1O2 production in chloroplasts was monitored first in the conditional fluorescent …

Background With rising global temperature, understanding plants' adaptation to heat stress
has implications in plant breeding. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, regulatory …