The most intensive research in historical climatology has concentrated on Europe in the
early modern period (c. 1500–1800), and established many of the methods and procedures …

Instrumental meteorological measurements from periods prior to the start of national weather
services are designated “early instrumental data.” They have played an important role in …

Chrysophyte cysts are recognized as powerful proxies of cold-season temperatures. In this
paper we use the relationship between chrysophyte assemblages and the number of days …

The history of drought occurrence in Poland in the last millennium is poorly known. To
improve this knowledge we have conducted a comprehensive analysis using both proxy …

In recent years, instrumental observations have become increasingly important in climate
research, allowing past daily-to-decadal climate variability and weather extremes to be …

Extreme thermal conditions have been known for a long time as is evidenced by the oldest
preserved historical accounts referring to weather. However, direct data, that is, air …

The main task of chroniclers is to describe events factually and in chronological order. These
events concern the political and social life of countries, cities, organizations and other …

The reconstruction of climate in Poland in the past millennium, as measured by several
kinds of proxy data, is more complete than that of many other regions in Europe and the …

The weather diary of Felipe de Zúñiga y Ontiveros was recorded in Mexico City from 1775 to
1786. It is the earliest meteorological observational record of Mexico. The diary provides …

In this article, the results of an investigation into the air temperature conditions in Novaya
Zemlya Archipelago and Vaygach Island (NZR) from 1832 to 1920, on the basis of all …