Propensity score matching (PSM) has become a popular approach to estimate causal
treatment effects. It is widely applied when evaluating labour market policies, but empirical …

This paper provides a critical review of the Bayesian perspective of causal inference based
on the potential outcomes framework. We review the causal estimands, assignment …

Unmeasured confounding may undermine the validity of causal inference with observational
studies. Sensitivity analysis provides an attractive way to partially circumvent this issue by …

It is well established that students who begin post-secondary education at a community
college are less likely to earn a bachelor's degree than otherwise similar undergraduates …

This paper explores the relationship between firm-level innovation and external finance for
small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Our sample consists of 13,430 firms from Eastern …

Measuring the causal effects of digital advertising remains challenging despite the
availability of granular data. Unobservable factors make exposure endogenous, and …

Dual enrollment in high school is viewed by many as one mechanism for widening college
admission and completion of low-income students. However, little evidence demonstrates …

Background The concept of microcredit was first introduced in Bangladesh by Nobel Peace
Prize winner Muhammad Yunus. Professor Yunus started Grameen Bank (GB) more than 30 …

We contribute to debate about causal inferences in educational research in two ways. First,
we quantify how much bias there must be in an estimate to invalidate an inference. Second …

This paper examines the treatment effects of the agricultural cooperative and publicly funded
extension services on individual household economy, using data collected by the author …