The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages, in health and in disease, has become
increasingly transparent over the last decade. But with the plethora of data comes a natural …

Interleukins and associated cytokines serve as the means of communication for innate and
adaptive immune cells as well as non-immune cells and tissues. Thus, interleukins have a …

The response to tumor-initiating inflammatory and genetic insults can vary among
morphologically indistinguishable cells, suggesting as yet uncharacterized roles for …

Tissue localization is a critical determinant of T cell immunity. CD8+ T cells are contact-
dependent killers, which requires them to physically be within the tissue of interest to kill …

The biology of solid tumors is strongly determined by the interactions of cancer cells with
their surrounding microenvironment. In this regard, pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most significant components in the
tumour microenvironment (TME), where they can perform several protumourigenic functions …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex meshwork of extracellular matrix (ECM)
macromolecules filled with a collection of cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy. PDAC is only
cured by surgical resection in its early stage, but there remains a relatively high possibility of …

The IL-1 family of cytokines currently comprises of seven ligands with pro-inflammatory
activity (IL-1α and IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) as well as two ligands with anti …

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are
among the most important and abundant players of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs as …