Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

There is substantial evidence that the martian volatile inventory and climate have changed
markedly throughout the planet's history. Clues come from areas as disparate as the history …

As the search for Earth-like exoplanets gathers pace, in order to understand them, we need
comprehensive theories for how planetary atmospheres form and evolve. Written by two well …

The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) investigation on Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is
aimed at determining (1) the composition of surface minerals, rocks, and ices;(2) the …

Loading of the lithosphere of Mars by the Tharsis rise explains much of the global shape and
long-wavelength gravity field of the planet, including a ring of negative gravity anomalies …

The Cosmic Shoreline: The Evidence that Escape Determines which Planets Have Atmospheres,
and what this May Mean for Proxima Centauri B - IOPscience This site uses cookies. By …

Synchrotrons have for decades provided invaluable sources of soft X-rays, the application of
which has led to significant progress in many areas of science and technology. But future …

The origin and evolution of Venus', Earth's, Mars' and Titan's atmospheres are discussed
from the time when the active young Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence. We show …

The martian valley networks formed near the end of the period of heavy bombardment of the
inner solar system, about 3.5 billion years ago. The largest impacts produced global …

A planetary atmosphere is the outer gas layer of a planet. Besides its scientific significance
among the first and most accessible planetary layers observed from space, it is closely …