When demand for transportation is low or highly variable, traditional public bus services tend
to lose their efficiency and typically frustrate (potential) passengers. In the literature, a large …

Technological advances in the last two decades have aroused great interest in the class of
dynamic vehicle routing problems (DVRPs), which is reflected in the significant growth of the …

Considering that, in reality, passengers usually hold preferred time windows when waiting
for a bus at a station, this study develops a mixed integer programming model for the …

The customized bus operating mode based on passenger demand is an effective way to
solve the problem of bus services in low travel density areas such as urban fringe areas …

Flexible-route bus systems serving passengers at their doorsteps may be preferable to fixed-
route bus systems in areas with low demand densities or whose roads cannot accommodate …

Socio-demographic trends and recent economic development patterns have resulted in
travel behavior changes that call for more flexible and accessible public transit options …

Mass transit is a key component of a sustainable transportation system in urban networks. In
this research, we propose a continuum approximation model to optimize the line spacing …

Sparsely populated areas tend to be poorly served by Fixed Line and Schedule (FLS) public
transport systems as the operation of a regular bus line is not economically viable for such …

Traditional customized buses travel on fixed routes, which cannot satisfy passengers'
flexibility and convenience requirements. This paper studies a demand-responsive transit …

As an emerging urban public transport mode, responsive feeder transit system is flexible
and can offer door-to-door services between new districts at margins with low urban transit …