The small intestine provides the major site for the absorption of numerous orally
administered drugs. However, before reaching to the systemic circulation to exert beneficial …

Nature-derived polymers, or biopolymers, are among the most employed materials for the
development of nanocarriers. Chitosan (CS) is derived from the acetylation of chitin, and this …

With diabetes being the 7th leading cause of death worldwide, overcoming issues limiting
the oral administration of insulin is of global significance. The development of imine-linked …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. The
combination of insulin (Ins) with liraglutide (Lir) has a greater potential for preventing DN …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular consequence of diabetes mellitus
(DM), posing an encumbrance to public health worldwide. Control over the onset and …

Introduction Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, leads to systemic organ
damage characterized by oxidative stress and structural alterations, contributing to …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM),
is the most common form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a leading cause of renal …

Oral delivery of insulin-loaded therapeutics is challenging due to the extreme pH condition,
enzymatic degradation, and limited permeation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract …

The basic criteria of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are autoimmune destruction of beta cells that
eventually leads to a full loss of insulin secretion capability, which is a crucial stage in the …

Chemically modified chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) are capable of releasing their own
substances to target cells or tissues, improving microenvironment and promoting wound …