Visceral hypersensitivity (perception of gastrointestinal sensory events at a lower‐than‐
normal threshold) is considered to be an important pathophysiological mechanism in the …

Carrageenan is a natural carbohydrate (polysaccharide) obtained from edible red
seaweeds. The name Carrageenan is derived from the Chondrus crispus species of …

Background The mechanism (s) of nociceptive dysfunction and potential roles of opioid
neurotransmitters are unresolved in the chronic pain syndromes of fibromyalgia and chronic …

Despite high sequence similarity between NOP (nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide) and
opioid receptors, marked differences in endogenous ligand selectivity, signal transduction …

The role played by nonspecialized connective tissues in chronic non-specific low back pain
is not well understood. In a recent ultrasound study, human subjects with chronic low back …

Notable findings point to the significance of the dynorphin peptide neurotransmitter in
chronic pain. Spinal dynorphin neuropeptide levels are elevated during development of …

Despite similar distribution patterns and intracellular events observed in the
nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor and other opioid receptors, NOP receptor …

Two decades have passed since the peptide, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), and its
cognate (NOP) receptor were discovered. Although NOP receptor activation causes a similar …

Background and Purpose New remedies are required for the treatment of neuropathic pain
due to insufficient efficacy of available therapies. This study provides a novel approach to …

Nociceptin (NC), by activating its receptor, the opioid receptor‐like 1 (ORL1) receptor, exerts
an effect on a number of functions in the nervous system including locomotion, learning and …