Gram-negative bacteria shed extracellular outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during their
normal growth both in vitro and in vivo. OMVs are spherical, bilayered membrane …

Determining the chemical composition of biological materials is paramount to the study of
natural phenomena. Here, we describe the composition of model gram-negative outer …

Abstract Background Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are closely-related
bacteria that cause a significant global burden of disease. Control of gonorrhoea is …

Biogenesis and trafficking of membrane vesicles are essential and well-studied processes in
eukaryotes. In contrast, vesiculation in bacteria is not well understood. Outer membrane …

Introduction Vaccines based on multiple antigens often induce an immune response, which
is higher than that triggered by each single component, with antibodies acting cooperatively …

Despite high vaccination coverage world-wide, whooping cough, a highly contagious
disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, is recently increasing in occurrence suggesting that …

GMMA are exosomes released from engineered Gram-negative bacteria resembling the
composition of outer membranes. We applied the GMMA technology for the development of …

Reverse vaccinology (RV) is a computational approach that aims to identify putative vaccine
candidates in the protein coding genome (proteome) of pathogens. RV has primarily been …

Have potential clues to an effective gonorrhea vaccine been lurking in international disease
surveillance data for decades? While no clinically effective vaccines against gonorrhea have …

The ability of Neisseria meningitidis Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) to induce protective
responses in humans is well established and mainly attributed to Porin A (PorA). However …