Over a long period of evolution, insects have developed unique intestinal defenses against
invasion by foreign microorganisms, including physical defenses and immune responses …

Multicellular organisms are constantly subjected to pathogens that might be harmful.
Although insects lack an adaptive immune system, they possess highly effective anti …

More than 25% of human infectious diseases are vector-borne diseases (VBDs). These
diseases, caused by pathogens shared between animals and humans, are a growing threat …

Mosquitoes are vectors of a large number of viral pathogens. In recent years, increased
urbanization and climate change has expanded the range of many vector mosquitoes. The …

Pathogens may manipulate their human and mosquito hosts to enhance disease
transmission. Dengue, caused by four viral serotypes, is the fastest-growing transmissible …

Background Dengue fever (DF) and West Nile fever (WNF) have become endemic
worldwide in the last two decades. Studies suggest that individuals with diabetes mellitus …

N-Glycanase 1 (NGLY1) is a cytoplasmic deglycosylating enzyme. Loss-of-function
mutations in the NGLY1 gene cause NGLY1 deficiency, which is characterized by …

Traditional deltamethrin (DM) formulations (eg, emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders,
etc.) have significant disadvantages of poor water dispersion stability, burst release, weak …

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) pose a significant threat to both human and animal
health worldwide. These viruses are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes, ticks …

The genetic basis of antiviral immunity in dipteran insects is extensively studied in
Drosophila melanogaster and advanced technologies for genetic manipulation allow a …