The aim of this ESC Guideline is to help health professionals manage people with heart
failure (HF) according to the best available evidence. Fortunately, we now have a wealth of …

Cardiac rehabilitation is defined as a multidisciplinary program that includes exercise
training, cardiac risk factor modification, psychosocial assessment, and outcomes …

Abstract Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator)(Netherlands),
P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator)(Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt) …

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a combined range of measures aimed at providing patients
with cardiovascular disease with the optimum psychological and physical conditions so that …

Aerobic training (AT) has been the primary mode of exercise training in cardiac
rehabilitation. Historically, the reason for the prescription of AT was that it was speculated …

One of the main clinical features that characterize heart failure (HF) is the limited exercise
tolerance. Patients with HF often experience dyspnea and fatigue at relatively low …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious threat to global public health due to its high
prevalence and disability rate. Meanwhile, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has attracted …

Aims Despite the benefits of exercise training in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular
disease, there are conflicting findings for the impact of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation …

The evidence-based British Thoracic Society (BTS) Guideline for pulmonary rehabilitation
(PR) in adults was published in 2013. 1 There is a strong evidence base for the benefits of …

Heart failure (HF) is a highly frequent disorder with considerable morbidity, hospitalization,
and mortality; thus, it invariably places pressure on clinical and public health systems in the …