This article examines changes in parental labor supply in response to the unanticipated
closure of schools following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The …

Conflict-affected societies have lower levels of economic growth. The financial development
literature argues that one mechanism behind this is conflict increasing instability, lowering …

A substantial fraction of k-12 schools and childcare facilities in the United States closed their
in-person operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. These closures may have altered the …

The first year after childbirth involves dramatic changes to parents' lives and is crucial for
children's development. Using plausibly exogenous job loss from mass layoffs and …

The impact of strikes in educational institutions, specifically universities, on employers
remains understudied. This paper investigates the impact of education strikes in UK …

Schools are important not only for building children's human capital, but also for providing
child care for a substantial part of the day, thus allowing parents to do paid work. In this …

This paper identifies the impact of a shock to childcare and child labor on adult labor supply
and intra-household allocation of productive activities in the context of COVID-19-related …

Childcare challenges have become a significant obstacle to parental employment,
disproportionately affecting mothers who often carry the unpaid caregiving responsibilities in …

Teacher strikes reduce the number of school days and interrupt instruction, yet there is
scarce evidence on how teacher strikes impact observable measures of students' …

The objective of this chapter is to engage with the issues influencing the role of teacher
unions in enhancing school effectiveness and improvement. The author made use of desk …