Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a major component of membrane bilayers whose change in
distribution between inner and outer leaflets is an important physiological signal. Normally …

Alterations of cell death pathways, including apoptosis and the neutrophil specific kind of
death called NETosis, can represent a potential source of autoantigens. Defects in the …

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune disease that can present as an
isolated skin disease or as a manifestation within the spectrum of systemic lupus …

Complement receptors (CR) 3 and 4 belong to the family of beta-2 (CD18) integrins. CR3
and CR4 are often co-expressed in the myeloid subsets of leukocytes, but they are also …

A healthy immune system results from a balance of stimulatory and inhibitory pathways that
allow effective responses to acute insults, without descending into chronic inflammation …

The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts more than 200 nucleotides in
length, which do not encode proteins. The lncRNAs are emerging as an important regulator …

Autoinflammatory disorders are sterile inflammatory conditions characterized by episodes of
early-onset fever and disease-specific patterns of organ inflammation. Recently, the …

Introduction: Multiple pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE). The Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription …

Autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases were always considered to be driven mainly by
adaptive immune responses, namely by auto-reactive B and T cell over-activity. The …

The immune system struggles every day between responding to foreign antigens and
tolerating self-antigens to delicately maintain tissue homeostasis. If self-tolerance is broken …