Although considered an inactive state for centuries, sleep entails many active processes
occurring at the cellular, circuit and organismal levels. Over the last decade, several key …

Dysfunctional signaling in midbrain reward circuits perpetuates diseases characterized by
compulsive overconsumption of rewarding substances such as substance abuse, binge …

In mice, social defeat stress (SDS), an ethological model for psychosocial stress, induces
sleep. Such sleep could enable resilience, but how stress promotes sleep is unclear. Activity …

The neural mechanisms underlying conscious recognition remain unclear, particularly the
roles played by the prefrontal cortex, deactivated brain areas and subcortical regions. We …

Dopamine signaling from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays critical roles in reward-
related behaviors, but less is known about the functions of neighboring VTA GABAergic …

Benzodiazepine, a classical medication utilized in the treatment of insomnia, operates by
augmenting the activity of the GABA A receptor. This underscores the significance of …

Reducing sleep hours is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular, metabolic, and
psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that reduction in sleep time …

The ventral tegmental area (VTA), an important source of dopamine, regulates goal-and
reward-directed and social behaviors, wakefulness, and sleep. Hyperactivation of dopamine …

Neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) are a primary source of inhibition to the
dorsal thalamus and, as they are innervated in part by the cortex, are a means of …

Sleep is fundamental to life, and poor sleep quality is linked to the suboptimal function of the
neural circuits that process and respond to emotional stimuli. Wakefulness (“arousal”) is …