Purpose of review In this systematic review, we examined case reports of patients who use
kratom and evaluated their rigor based on reporting of clinically relevant information. Recent …

Herbal-induced liver injury (HILI) is an important and increasingly concerning cause of liver
toxicity, and this study presents recent updates to the literature. An extensive literature …

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) consists of over 40 alkaloids, with 2 of them, mitragynine and 7‐
OH‐mitragynine (7‐OH‐MG) being the main psychoactive compounds. Mitragynine and 7 …

Kratom or Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) is an evergreen tree of the coffee family native to
South-East Asia and Australasia. It is used by locals recreationally to induce stimulant and …

Mitragyna speciosa, a species of plant that is native to Thailand, Malaysia and Southeast
Asia, contains two major psychoactive alkaloids: mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine …

In recent years, adverse reactions and events associated with traditional Chinese medicines
(TCM) and herbal medicines (HM) have frequently occurred. In particular, with regard to the …

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an adverse reaction to drugs and other xenobiotics that
can have serious consequences and jeopardise progress in pharmacological therapy. While …

Kratom is a plant with opioid-like properties known to produce stimulant and analgesic
effects. Although there are numerous studies on the psychoactive components of kratom …

Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), a special drug applied under the guidance of the unique
theory of Chinese medicine, in the past few decades, with its gradual application in the …