Digitalization is reshaping economic activity, shrinking the role of cash, and spurring new
digital forms of money. Central banks have been pondering whether and how to adapt. One …

IT progress and its application to the financial industry have inspired central banks and
academics to reflect about the merits of central bank digital currencies (CBDC) accessible to …

Retail payment systems continue to become faster and more convenient. Yet, despite
increased use of electronic payments around the world, there is scant evidence of a shift …

Digitalization is reshaping economic activity, shrinking the role of cash, and spurring new
digital forms of money. Central banks have been pondering wheter and how to adapt. One …

Research on holding and use of cash involves many aspects, such as reasons for holding
and hoarding cash, transactional demand for cash, cash management, type of spending …

Virtual currencies are a contemporary form of private money. Thanks to their technological
properties, their global transaction networks are relatively safe, transparent, and fast. This …

The COVID‐19 pandemic is a global crisis like no other in modern times, and there is a
growing apprehension about handling potentially contaminated cash. This paper is the first …

Despite the increasing use of cashless payment instruments, the notion that cash loses
importance over time can be unambiguously refuted. In contrast, the authors show that cash …

The bulk of cash is held for store of value purposes, with such holdings sharply increasing in
times of high economic uncertainty and only a fraction of the population choosing to hoard …

We have recently seen two conflicting trends in the use of cash. The share of e-payments in
retail transactions is steadily increasing, but the same upward trend is true for the share of …