Glucose is the long-established, obligatory fuel for brain that fulfills many critical functions,
including ATP production, oxidative stress management, and synthesis of neurotransmitters …

Insulin is now well-established as playing multiple roles within the brain, and specifically as
regulating hippocampal cognitive processes and metabolism. Impairments to insulin …

Simple Summary This paper summarizes the crosstalk between tumor/non-tumor cells and
other elements of the glioblastoma (GB) microenvironment. In tumor pathology, glial cells …

Glycogen is a complex glucose polymer found in a variety of tissues, including brain, where
it is localized primarily in astrocytes. The small quantity found in brain compared to eg, liver …

Astrocyte-mediated inflammation is associated with degenerative pathologies such as
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and multiple sclerosis. The acute inflammation and …

Metabolic signals are used for imaging and spectroscopic studies of brain function and
disease and to elucidate the cellular basis of neuroenergetics. The major fuel for activated …

Different functional states determine glioblastoma (GBM) heterogeneity. Brain cancer cells
coexist with the glial cells in a functional syncytium based on a continuous metabolic …

The gluconeogenesis pathway, which has been known to normally present in the liver,
kidney, intestine, or muscle, has four irreversible steps catalyzed by the enzymes: pyruvate …

Abstract Leif Hertz, MD, D. Sc.(honōris causā)(1930–2018), was one of the original and
noteworthy participants in the International Conference on Brain Energy Metabolism …

Glycogen is the major store of glucose in brain and is mainly in astrocytes. Brain glycogen
levels in unstimulated, carefully-handled rats are 10–12 μmol/g, and assuming that …