Abstract Purpose of the Review Comorbidity of alcohol and tobacco use is highly prevalent
and may exacerbate the health effects of either substance alone. However, the mechanisms …

A large body of evidence using experimental animal models shows that the nicotinic
cholinergic system is involved in the control of movement under physiological conditions …

Nicotine, the major component in cigarette smoke, can promote tumor growth and
angiogenesis, but the precise mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Here, we …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA), an astrocyte-derived, endogenous antagonist of α7 nicotinic
acetylcholine and excitatory amino acid receptors, regulates glutamatergic, GABAergic …

The cerebellum is an important target of ethanol toxicity given that cerebellar ataxia is the
most consistent physical manifestation of acute ethanol consumption. Despite the …

Emerging studies indicate that striatal cholinergic interneurons play an important role in
synaptic plasticity and motor control under normal physiological conditions, while their …

Drug abuse remains a global problem; nonetheless, its mechanism has not yet been fully
understood. Recent studies have reported on the non-motor functions of the cerebellum, and …

Chronic tobacco use dramatically increases health burdens and financial costs. Limitations
of current smoking cessation therapies indicate the need for improved molecular targets …

Despite the known health risks of tobacco smoking, many people including pregnant women
continue smoking. The effects of developmental nicotine exposure are known, but the …

Introduction: There are mixed reports on nicotine's effects on alcohol-induced impairment in
cognitive performance and behavior in humans. The main objective of this study was to …