Enterococci are common, commensal members of gut communities in mammals and birds,
yet they are also opportunistic pathogens that cause millions of human and animal infections …

Enterococci are found in high concentrations in human feces, usually between 104 and 106
bacteria per gram wet weight (Layton, Walters, Lam, & Boehm, 2010; Slanetz & Bartley …

Fecal indicator levels in nearshore waters of South Florida are routinely monitored to assess
microbial contamination at recreational beaches. However, samples of sand from the surf …

Monitoring the water quality of recreational beaches is only one step toward understanding
microbial contamination—the primary cause of beach closings. The surf zone sediment …

Microbiological quality of waters must be assessed to ensure that no health risk due to
pathogenic microorganisms is associated with its use. As it is impossible to measure the …

The goal of this study was to quantify the microbial load (enterococci) contributed by the
different animals that frequent a beach site. The highest enterococci concentrations were …

To investigate the transport and fate of fecal pollution at Great Lakes beaches and the health
risks associated with swimming, the near-shore waters of Lake Michigan and two tributaries …

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations in a single grab sample of water are used to
notify the public about the safety of swimming in coastal waters. If concentrations are over a …

The number of beach closings caused by bacterial contamination has continued to rise in
recent years, putting beachgoers at risk of exposure to contaminated water. Current …

Enterococci are generally commensal bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of
humans and animals. They have, however, been implicated as the etiological agent of a …