Cluster headache is an excruciating, strictly one-sided pain syndrome with attacks that last
between 15 minutes and 180 minutes and that are accompanied by marked ipsilateral …

The role of the trigeminal system in facial and dural sensitivity has been recognized for a
long time. More recently, the trigeminal system has also been considered a prominent actor …

Background The pain and autonomic symptoms of cluster headache (CH) result from
activation of the trigeminal parasympathetic reflex, mediated through the sphenopalatine …

The medical treatment of patients with chronic primary headache syndromes (chronic
migraine, chronic tension-type headache, chronic cluster headache, hemicrania continua) is …

Many people who suffer from primary headache (ie, headache without an identifiable cause)
are resistant or intolerant to available drugs. During the past decade, central and peripheral …

Background Sphenopalatine ganglion is the largest collection of neurons in the calvarium
outside of the brain. Over the past century, it has been a target for interventional treatment of …

Objectives The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) plays a pivotal role in cluster headache (CH)
pathophysiology as the major efferent parasympathetic relay. We evaluated the long-term …

The goal of this narrative review was to give an up-to-date overview of the peripheral and
central neurostimulation methods that can be used to treat chronic pain. Special focus has …

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has been used for treatment of neuropathic pain for more
than 40 years. Recent resurgence of interest to this elegant surgical modality came from the …

Background Chronic cluster headache is the most disabling form of cluster headache. The
mainstay of treatment is attack prevention, but the available management options have little …