Pathogens that infect the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are subjected to intense
pressure due to the environmental conditions of the surroundings. This pressure has led to …

Understanding how antibiotics impact bacterial metabolism may provide insight into their
mechanisms of action and could lead to enhanced therapeutic methodologies. Here, we …

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a DNA virus belonging to the family
Herpesviridae. HSV-1 infection causes severe neurological disease in the central nervous …

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of both superficial and invasive infections of
humans and animals. Despite a potent host response and apparently appropriate antibiotic …

In China, antibiotics are commonly used for human and veterinary medicine, and they are
present in various environmental media. Thus, the toxic effects of antibiotics on organisms …

Amomum villosum Lour (A. villosum Lour) has medicinal properties and has been widely
used in China for many years. Herein we aimed to investigate the antibacterial mechanism …

Bacterial persistence is a transient, nonheritable physiological state that provides tolerance
to bactericidal antibiotics. The stringent response, toxin-antitoxin modules, and stochastic …

Relevance-based selectivity and high energy cost are two distinct features of long-term
memory (LTM) formation that warrant its default inhibition. Spaced repetition of learning is a …

Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
requires the presence of an acquired genetic determinant, mecA or mecC, which encode …

Through adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments, it was recently found that when a
bacterial population was repetitively treated with antibiotics, they will adapt to the treatment …