The microbial ecosystem that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of all mammals—the gut
microbiota—has been in a symbiotic relationship with its hosts over many millennia. Thanks …

The ontogeny and maturation of the immune system is modulated by the microbiota. During
fetal life, the mother's microbiota produces compounds that are transferred to the fetus and …

Antibiotics are the most common type of medication prescribed to children, including infants,
in the Western world. While use of antibiotics has transformed previously lethal infections …

In the 21st century, urbanization represents a major demographic shift in developed and
developing countries. Rapid urbanization in the developing world has been associated with …

Over the last decade, chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs have received great
attention in the basic and clinical research arena. The 2010 ACVIM Consensus Statement …

Autoimmune diseases have long been known to share a common pathogenesis involving a
dysregulated immune system with a failure to recognize self from non-self-antigens. This …

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder in which recurrent
abdominal pain is associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits (constipation …

Alterations in gut microbial colonization during early life have been reported in infants that
later developed asthma, allergies, type 1 diabetes, as well as in inflammatory bowel disease …

Background The end-organ effects of alcohol span throughout the entire body, from the
gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system (CNS). In the intestine, alcohol use …

The gut-microbiota–brain axis plays an important role in stress-related disorders, and
dysfunction of this complex bidirectional system is associated with Alzheimer's disease. This …