The chemical identity of RNA molecules beyond the four standard ribonucleosides has
fascinated scientists since pseudouridine was characterized as the “fifth” ribonucleotide in …

Modified nucleotides in tRNA are critical components of the translation apparatus, but their
importance in the process of translational regulation had until recently been greatly …

RNA fragments deriving from tRNAs (tRFs) exist in all branches of life and the repertoire of
their biological functions regularly increases. Paradoxically, their biogenesis remains …

ABC ATPases form one of the largest clades of P-loop NTPase fold enzymes that catalyze
ATP-hydrolysis and utilize its free energy for a staggering range of functions from transport to …

Abstract tRNAs are essential modulators that recognize mRNA codons and bridge amino
acids for mRNA translation. The tRNAs are heavily modified, which are essential for forming …

The KEOPS complex, which is conserved across archaea and eukaryotes, is composed of
four core subunits; Pcc1, Kae1, Bud32 and Cgi121. KEOPS is crucial for the fitness of all …

Abstract The universal N (6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) modification at position 37
of ANN-decoding tRNAs is central to translational fidelity. In bacteria, t6A biosynthesis is …

Abstract Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs) act by irreversibly depurinating the 28S
rRNA ricin-sarcin loop (SRL) of the eukaryotic ribosome resulting in protein synthesis …

The 22 mitochondrial and∼ 45 cytosolic tRNAs in human cells contain several dozen
different post-transcriptional modified nucleotides such that each carries a unique …

Queuosine (Q) is a modification of the wobble base in tRNAs that decode NA (C/U) codons.
It is ubiquitous in bacteria, including many pathogens. Streptococcus mutans is an early …