An overview of the physics of intrinsic torque is presented, with special emphasis on the
phenomenology of intrinsic toroidal rotation in tokamaks, its theoretical understanding, and …

Poloidal and toroidal rotation has been recognized to play an important role in heat transport
and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability in tokamaks and helical systems. It is well known …

Toroidal momentum transport mechanisms are reviewed and put in a broader perspective.
The generation of a finite momentum flux is closely related to the breaking of symmetry …

In tokamaks, turbulent particle and toroidal momentum transport are both characterized by
the presence of off-diagonal contributions which play an essential role in establishing the …

Turbulent transport of toroidal momentum is investigated in global linear gyrokinetic
simulations. The poloidal tilt of the global mode structure arising from the radial variation of …

Gyrokinetic tokamak plasmas can exhibit intrinsic toroidal rotation driven by the residual
stress. While most studies have attributed the residual stress to the parallel-momentum flux …

Global gyrokinetic simulations have revealed an important nonlinear flow generation
process due to the residual stress produced by electrostatic turbulence of ion temperature …

Flux-driven global gyrokinetic codes are now mature enough to make predictions in terms of
turbulence and transport in tokamak plasmas. Some of the recent breakthroughs of three …

We present analyses of mechanisms which convert radial inhomogeneity to broken k||-
symmetry and thus produce turbulence driven intrinsic rotation in tokamak plasmas. By …

Conservation equations are derived for the gyrocenter toroidal momentum density and the
polarization field. These equations are derived from the gyrokinetic model as it is …