Proline is a multifunctional amino acid that is accumulated in high concentrations in plants
under various stress conditions. Proline accumulation is intimately connected to many …

Plants have many, highly variable resistance (R) gene loci, which provide resistance to a
variety of pathogens. The first R gene to be cloned, maize (Zea mays) Hm1, was published …

This article is part of the Distinguished Review Article Series in Conceptual and
Methodological Breakthroughs in Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. Salicylic acid (SA) is …

Plant diseases reduce crop yields and threaten global food security, making the selection of
disease-resistant cultivars a major goal of crop breeding. Broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) …

Plants are constantly exposed to microorganisms in the environment and, as a result, have
evolved intricate mechanisms to recognize and defend themselves against potential …

Plasmopara viticola (P. viticola, Berk. & MA Curtis; Berl. & De Toni) causing grapevine
downy mildew is one of the most damaging pathogens to viticulture worldwide. Since its …

Plant phenolics are secondary metabolites that encompass several classes structurally
diverse of natural products biogenetically arising from the shikimate-phenylpropanoids …

The modern agricultural system has issues with the reduction of agricultural productivity due
to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. It is also expected that in the future the entire …

The perception of pathogen or microbe-associated molecular pattern molecules by plants
triggers a basal defense response analogous to animal innate immunity and is defined …

Asian soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most severe
disease of the crop and can cause yield losses of up to 90%. The disease was first reported …