Mammalian cells express a variety of innate immune proteins—known as restriction factors—
which defend against invading retroviruses such as HIV-1. Two members of the tripartite …

The development of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) was a great milestone in the management of
HIV infection. ARVs suppress viral activity in the host cell, thus minimizing injury to the cells …

HIV-1 infection requires nuclear entry of the viral genome. Previous evidence suggests that
this entry proceeds through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), with the 120× 60 nm capsid …

HIV can infect non-dividing cells because the viral capsid can overcome the selective barrier
of the nuclear pore complex and deliver the genome directly into the nucleus,. Remarkably …

Delivering the virus genome into the host nucleus through the nuclear pore complex (NPC)
is pivotal in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection. The mechanism of this …

Summary HIV-1 reverse transcription (RT) occurs before or during uncoating, but the cellular
compartment where RT and uncoating occurs is unknown. Using imaging and biochemical …

The HIV-1 capsid is a fullerene cone made of quasi-equivalent hexamers and pentamers of
the viral CA protein. Typically, quasi-equivalent assembly of viral capsid subunits is …

Increasing evidence has suggested that the HIV-1 capsid enters the nucleus in a largely
assembled, intact form. However, not much is known about how the cone-shaped capsid …

The capsid (CA) protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an essential
structural component of a virion and facilitates many crucial life cycle steps through …

Lentiviral vectors are the most frequently used tool to stably transfer and express genes in
the context of gene therapy for monogenic diseases. The vast majority of clinical …