Defined-sequence polymers have great potential as durable and high-density data-storage
media. DNA already fulfils this role in nature, using the sequence of its four nucleobases to …

Nanotechnology can be defined as the science and engineering involved in the design,
synthesis, characterization, and application of materials and devices whose smallest …

The tremendous pace in the development of information technology is rapidly approaching a
limit. Alternative materials and operating principles for the elaboration and communication of …

Imagine a discipline of cellular engineering that tailor-makes biological cells to function as
sensors and actuators, as programmable delivery vehicles for pharmaceuticals, or as …

Photochromic proteins are very rare in nature as far as the number of different models is
regarded. However, those few proteins play a key role in photosynthesis and visual …

Halophiles are salt-loving organisms that inhabit hypersaline environments. They include
mainly prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms with the capacity to balance the osmotic …

The promise of new architectures and more cost-effective miniaturization has prompted
interest in molecular and biomolecular electronics. Bioelectronics offers valuable near-term …

Chemical dynamics in proteins are discussed, with bacteriorhodopsin serving as a model
system. Ultrafast time-resolved methods used to probe the chemical dynamics of retinal …

Halophilic Archaea of the order Halobacteriales are found in hypersaline environments in
which salt concentrations exceed 150–200 g/liter. They inhabit salt lakes such as the Great …

Nanobiotechnology, an exciting interdisciplinary field of science, is making rapid progress in
recent years with the development of new kinds of materials with all the desired physico …