Background Many lower-limb exoskeletons have been developed to assist gait, exhibiting a
large range of control methods. The goal of this paper is to review and classify these control …

Locomotion disorder caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to a considerably decreased
quality of people's lives. Although there are no known cure methods for SCI, a lower …

Computational prediction of 3D crutch-assisted walking patterns is a challenging problem
that could be applied to study different biomechanical aspects of crutch walking in virtual …

This paper illustrates the development and experimental validation of a robotic ankle–foot
orthosis (AFO) with a series elastic actuator (SEA) and a magneto-rheological (MR) brake …

The optimization of the assistive force of a soft exosuit is crucial to the assistive effect. In this
paper, an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based optimization controller was designed to …

Walking impairment due to spinal cord injury can be improved using active orthoses,
together with some type of external support such as crutches for balance. This study …

Exoskeletons and orthoses are wearable mobile systems providing mechanical benefits to
users. Despite significant improvements in the last decades, the technology is not fully …

This article presents the design and control of a robotic knee exoskeleton for gait
rehabilitation of patients with knee joint impairments. First, the hardware design of the …

Gait restoration of individuals with spinal cord injury can be partially achieved using active
orthoses or exoskeletons. To improve the walking ability of each patient as much as …

Background To overcome the application limitations of functional electrical stimulation
(FES), such as fatigue or nonlinear muscle response, the combination of neuroprosthetic …