In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in tumor microenvironment-associated
cancer vaccine therapies. These innovative treatments aim to activate and enhance the …

Cancer radio-immunotherapy, integrating external/internal radiation therapy with immuno-
oncology treatments, emerges in the current management of cancer. A growing number of …

Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor (IL-2R) are essential in orchestrating immune
responses. Their function and expression in the tumor microenvironment make them …

Different strategies based on peptides are available for cancer treatment, in particular to
counter-act the progression of tumor growth and disease relapse. In the last decade, in the …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has significantly advanced cancer immunotherapy, yet
its patient response rates are generally low. Vaccines, including immunostimulant …

Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the emerging versatile nanomaterials with outstanding
biocompatibility and biodegradability, exhibiting great potential as a promising inorganic …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a number of non-cancerous cells that affect
cancer cell survival. Although CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells suppress …

The advent of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment and
offers cancer patients new hope. Although this therapy has proved highly successful for …

Therapeutic cancer vaccines have become increasingly qualified for use in personalized
cancer immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of tumor immunology and novel antigen …

Vaccination programmes provide a safe, effective and cost‐efficient strategy for maintaining
population health. In veterinary medicine, vaccination not only reduces disease within …