The unique multilaminate appearance of the tegument surface of schistosomes was first
described in 1973, in one of the earliest volumes of the International Journal for …

Background Traditional diagnostic tests for schistosome infections are suboptimal,
particularly when the parasite burden is low. In the present review we sought to identify …

Parasite-released extracellular vesicles (EVs) deliver signals to the host immune system that
are critical to maintaining the long-term relationship between parasite and host. In the …

Annexins (ANXs) exert different functions in cell biological and pathological processes and
are thus known as double or multi-faceted proteins. These sophisticated proteins might …

Group A streptococcal infections are a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality. A
leading vaccine candidate is the surface M protein, a major virulence determinant and …

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects humans and animals in tropical
and subtropical regions worldwide. Schistosome eggs are responsible for the pathogenesis …

Background Schistosomiasis is a debilitating and neglected tropical disease for which
praziquantel (PZQ) remains the first-choice drug for treatment and control of the disease. In …

Sparganosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease that poses a serious threat to public hygiene
and human health. Annexin is a phospholipid-binding protein with calcium ion binding …

The plerocercoid larvae of Spirometra mansoni are etiological agents of human and animal
sparganosis. Annexins are proteins with important roles in parasites. However, our …

Purpose Annexins are proteins with important roles in parasites, some of which are related
to excretion–secretion processes, protein traffic, and microvesicle functionality. The …