Parkinson's disease (PD) is clinically, pathologically, and genetically heterogeneous,
resisting distillation to a single, cohesive disorder. Instead, each affected individual develops …

Protein kinases regulate nearly all aspects of cell life, and alterations in their expression, or
mutations in their genes, cause cancer and other diseases. Here, we review the remarkable …

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common genetic risk factors
for Parkinson's disease (PD). Increased LRRK2 kinase activity is thought to impair lysosomal …

The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Cullin RING E3 ligase is an essential enzyme in the ubiquitin-
proteasome system that recruits substrates such as the hypoxia inducible factor for …

The development of interventions to slow or halt the progression of Parkinson's disease
remains a priority for patients and researchers alike. To date, no agents have been shown to …

Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key mediator of cell
death and inflammation. The unique hydrophobic pocket in the allosteric regulatory domain …

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is one of the most promising targets for Parkinson's
disease. LRRK2-targeting strategies have primarily focused on type 1 kinase inhibitors …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta and by accumulation of α-synuclein in …

One of the most common monogenic forms of Parkinson disease (PD) is caused by
mutations in the LRRK2 gene that encodes leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). LRRK2 …

Almost 2 decades after linking LRRK2 to Parkinson's disease, a vibrant research field has
developed around the study of this gene and its protein product. Recent studies have begun …