The growing understanding of RNA functions and their crucial roles in diseases promotes
the application of various RNAs to selectively function on hitherto “undruggable” proteins …

Heterochromatin plays a fundamental role in gene regulation, genome integrity, and
silencing of repetitive DNA elements. Histone modifications are essential for the …

Polyploidy often confers emergent properties, such as the higher fibre productivity and
quality of tetraploid cottons than diploid cottons bred for the same environments. Here we …

Epigenetics is one of the most rapidly expanding fields in biology. The recent
characterization of a human DNA methylome at single nucleotide resolution, the discovery of …

DNA methylation is the most extensively studied mechanism of epigenetic gene regulation.
Increasing evidence indicates that DNA methylation is labile in response to nutritional and …

Transgenerational effects have wide-ranging implications for human health, biological
adaptation, and evolution; however, their mechanisms and biology remain poorly …

Mitochondria play key roles in activating apoptosis in mammalian cells. Bcl-2 family
members regulate the release of proteins from the space between the mitochondrial inner …

This review describes new developments in the study of transgenerational epigenetic
inheritance, a component of epigenetics. We start by examining the basic concepts of the …

Methylation of DNA at position five of the cytosine ring occurs at most CpG dinucleotides in
the mammalian genome and is essential for embryonic viability. With several of the key …

James A. Shapiro proposes an important new paradigm for understanding biological
evolution, the core organizing principle of biology. Shapiro introduces crucial new molecular …