Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are extra karyotype units in addition to A
chromosomes, and are found in some fungi and thousands of animals and plant species. Bs …

B chromosomes are supernumerary elements found in several groups of eukaryotes,
including fungi, plants, and animals. Typically, these chromosomes either originate from …

Publisher Summary Chromosomes are vehicles that facilitate the organized and fair
transmission of cooperative genes during cell division. The Mendelian segregation law, for …

Background One of the biggest challenges in chromosome biology is to understand the
occurrence and complex genetics of the extra, non-essential karyotype elements, commonly …

B chromosomes (Bs) are supernumerary, dispensable parts of the nuclear genome, which
appear in many different species of eukaryote. So far, Bs have been considered to be …

Background Most eukaryotic species represent stable karyotypes with a particular diploid
number. B chromosomes are additional to standard karyotypes and may vary in size …

Plant and animal karyotypes sometimes contain variable elements, that are referred to as
additional or B-chromosomes. It is generally believed that B-chromosomes lack major genes …

The study of B chromosomes (Bs) started more than a century ago, while their presence in
mammals dates since 1965. As the past two decades have seen huge progress in …

Background There is a growing body of evidence that B chromosomes, once regarded as
totally heterochromatic and genetically inert, harbor multiple segmental duplications …

Humans and dogs have coexisted for thousands of years, during which time we have
developed a unique bond, centered on companionship. Along the way, we have developed …