Proteins carry out a wide variety of catalytic, regulatory, signalling and structural functions in
living systems. Following their assembly on ribosomes and throughout their lifetimes, most …

Native chemical ligation (NCL) provides a highly efficient and robust means to
chemoselectively link unprotected peptide and protein segments to generate proteins. The …

Supplementing translation with noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) can yield protein
sequences with new-to-nature functions but existing ncAA incorporation strategies suffer …

Interactions between biomolecules underlie all cellular processes and ultimately control cell
fate. Perturbation of native interactions through mutation, changes in expression levels or …

Protein semisynthesis—defined herein as the assembly of a protein from a combination of
synthetic and recombinant fragments—is a burgeoning field of chemical biology that has …

Protein lysine methylation is a distinct posttranslational modification that causes minimal
changes in the size and electrostatic status of lysine residues. Lysine methylation plays …

Limited understanding of human proteoforms with complex posttranslational modifications
and the underlying mechanisms poses a major obstacle to research on human health and …

BCL11A, the major regulator of fetal hemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2) level, represses γ-globin
expression through direct promoter binding in adult erythroid cells in a switch to adult …

The ability to manipulate the chemical composition of proteins and peptides has been
central to the development of improved polypeptide-based therapeutics and has enabled …

To date, small molecules and macromolecules, including antibodies, have been the most
pursued substances in drug screening and development efforts. Despite numerous …