Plant-parasitic nematodes spend much of their lives inside or in contact with host tissue, and
molecular interactions constantly occur and shape the outcome of parasitism. Eggs of these …

Phytonematodes use a stylet and secreted effectors to modify host cells and ingest nutrients
to support their growth and development. The molecular function of nematode effectors is …

Plant-defense responses are triggered by perception of conserved microbe-associated
molecular patterns (MAMPs), for example, flagellin or peptidoglycan. However, it remained …

Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, such as root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.)
and cyst nematodes (CN; Heterodera spp. and Globodera spp.) cause considerable …

A plant cell wall is a highly complex structure consisting of networks of polysaccharides,
proteins, and polyphenols that dynamically change during growth and development in …

Fusarium wilt, caused by F usarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (F oc), is among the most
destructive diseases of banana (M usa spp.). Because no credible control measures are …

A key feature of sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes is the release of effector proteins from
their esophageal gland cells through their stylets into host roots. These proteinaceous stylet …

Plant-parasitic nematodes engage in prolonged and intimate relationships with their host
plants, often involving complex alterations in host cell morphology and function. It is puzzling …

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligate biotrophic parasites that settle close to the
vascular tissues in roots, where they induce the differentiation of specialized feeding cells …

Plant parasitic nematodes are microscopic worms, the most damaging species of which
have adopted a sedentary lifestyle within their hosts. These obligate endoparasites have a …