The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently reported a 66%
increase in the global number of cancer deaths since 1960. In the US alone, about one in …

This Review outlines the understanding and management of triple-negative breast cancer
(TNBC). TNBC shares morphological and genetic abnormalities with basal-like breast …

Recent studies suggest that thousands of genes may contribute to breast cancer
pathophysiologies when deregulated by genomic or epigenomic events. Here, we describe …

Purpose: Expression profiling studies classified breast carcinomas into estrogen receptor
(ER)+/luminal, normal breast-like, HER2 overexpressing, and basal-like groups, with the …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by a lack of expression of both estrogen
and progesterone receptor as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. It is …

Of the estimated 1 million cases of breast cancer diagnosed annually worldwide, it is
estimated that over 170,000 will harbor the triple-negative (estrogen receptor/progesterone …

Triple-negative breast cancers are defined by a lack of expression of oestrogen,
progesterone, and ERBB2 receptors. This subgroup accounts for 15% of all types of breast …

Microarray profiling of invasive breast carcinomas has identified five distinct subtypes of
tumors (luminal A, luminal B, normal breast-like, HER2 overexpressing, and basal-like) that …

Recent gene expression profiling of breast cancer has identified specific subtypes with
clinical, biologic, and therapeutic implications. The basal-like group of tumors is …

The discovery of the first gene associated with hereditary breast cancer, BRCA1, was
anticipated to greatly increase our understanding of both hereditary and sporadic forms of …