The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to probe in vivo brain circuits, as it
allows to assess several cortical properties such as excitability, plasticity and connectivity in …

Parkinson’s Disease and Its Management - PMC Back to Top Skip to main content NIH NLM
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Parkinson's disease involves multiple neurotransmitter systems beyond the classical
dopaminergic circuit, but their influence on structural and functional alterations is not well …

This review is part of the series on the clinical neurophysiology of movement disorders. It
focuses on Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. The topics covered include the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is becoming a major public-health issue in an aging population.
Available approaches to treat advanced PD still have limitations; new therapies are needed …

In Parkinson's disease, striatal dopamine depletion produces profound alterations in the
neural activity of the cortico-basal ganglia motor loop, leading to dysfunctional motor output …

The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for movement execution, especially dexterous ones,
but also for cognitive functions like motor learning. The acquisition of motor skills to execute …

Objective: To identify the changes in motor cortical facilitatory and inhibitory circuits in
Parkinson disease (PD) by detailed studies of their time courses and interactions. Methods …

In this review, we discuss the clinical and electrophysiological effects and the future
directions of invasive and noninvasive brain stimulations in Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep …