Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25 mm
Hg or above. This review deals with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a type of …

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a prototypical cytokine for maintaining homeostasis. When
homeostasis is disrupted by infections or tissue injuries, IL-6 is produced immediately and …

Perivascular inflammation is a prominent pathologic feature in most animal models of
pulmonary hypertension (PH) as well as in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients …

Macrophages play a key role in defending against foreign pathogens, healing wounds, and
regulating tissue homeostasis. Driving this versatility is their phenotypic plasticity, which …

CXC motif chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is associated with normal and abnormal
development, including oncogenesis. The ligand of CXCR4 is stromal cell-derived factor …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a progressive accumulation of
pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) in pulmonary arterioles leading to the …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary dysfunctional disease,
characterized by progressive vascular remodeling. Inflammation is an increasingly …

Macrophages display a spectrum of functional activation phenotypes depending on the
composition of the microenvironment they reside in, including type of tissue/organ and …

Individuals with Down syndrome, the genetic condition caused by trisomy 21, exhibit strong
inter-individual variability in terms of developmental phenotypes and diagnosis of co …

Background—Mutations in the KCNK3 gene have been identified in some patients suffering
from heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). KCNK3 encodes an outward rectifier …