Introduction: Congenital heart disease is one of the most of the groups of congenital
anomalies with an incidence of about 1 per 100 live births. Almost one-third of these infants …

In the simplest terms, malnutrition is result of inadequate energy intake or an increase in
energy expenditure, resulting in an energy imbalance. Studies of critically ill children have …

Malnutrition is widely known to affect growth in children. There are many studies focusing on
malnutrition globally in relation to limited food access; however, there is only limited …

Background Previous studies have shown that feeding a high‐energy formula (HF) to infants
after cardiac surgery increases energy intake, with fewer side effects on cardiopulmonary …

IntroductionDespite improvements in the medical and surgical management of infants with
CHD, growth failure before surgery in many infants continues to be a significant concern. A …

Obesity may associate with greater cardiovascular risk in adults with congenital heart
disease (ACHD) than in the general population. As ACHD often have exercise limitations …

Background: Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) often have poor growth and
altered body composition (fat and muscle accretion). Aim: Describe growth patterns in …

Pediatric heart failure is a complex disease occurring when cardiac output is unable to meet
the metabolic demands of the body. With improved surgical interventions and medical …

Growth failure is common among infants with congenital heart disease (CHD), affecting
approximately half of all infants with CHD. Achieving good growth is difficult secondary to …

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between patterning of human
milk feeding and growth of infants with congenital heart defects in the first year of life …