The aim of the current study was twofold:(1) to systematically examine differences in fear
conditioning between anxiety patients and healthy controls using meta‐analytic methods …

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders and are often chronic and
disabling. Although exposure-based treatments are effective, a substantial number of …

Fear-induced bradycardia, a transient heartbeat deceleration following exposure to threat, is
a physiological index observable in humans, especially in fear conditioning experiments …

Abstract Nearly 100 years ago, Ivan Pavlov demonstrated that dogs could learn to use a
neutral cue to predict a biologically relevant event: after repeated predictive pairings …

Stress has a critical role in the development and expression of many psychiatric disorders,
and is a defining feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Stress also limits the …

The authors describe how contemporary learning theory and research provide the basis for
perspectives on the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders that capture the …

Objective: To examine the lifetime prevalence of trauma experiences and post‐traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD). Method: Questionnaire‐assessed PTSD, the type of traumatic event …

Fear is characterized by distinct behavioral and physiological responses that are essential
for the survival of the human species. Fear conditioning (FC) serves as a valuable model for …

In this review, the authors propose that the fear extinction model can be used as an
experimental tool to cut across symptom dimensions of multiple anxiety disorders to …

Extensive research has identified stereotypic behavioral and biological abnormalities in post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as heightened autonomic activity, an exaggerated …