Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is a phenomenon that abruptly causes the flux of
low molecular weight solutes (molecular weight up to 1,500) across the generally …

Caspase-9, a cysteine-aspartic protease known for its role as an initiator of intrinsic
apoptosis, regulates physiological cell death and pathological tissue degeneration. Its …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pivotal to tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration
due to their potential for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immune modulation …

The regeneration of adult skeletal muscle after injury is primarily initiated by satellite cells
(SCs), but the regulatory mechanisms of cells committed to myogenic differentiation remain …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that can oxidize proteins,
lipids, and DNA. Under physiological conditions, ROS are mainly generated in the …

Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a wide spectrum of pathologies characterized by
progressive loss of neuronal functions and structures. Despite having different genetic …

Mitochondria are indispensable for energy metabolism and cell signaling. Mitochondrial
homeostasis is sustained with stabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential, balance of …

The cGAS‐STING pathway, as a vital innate immune signaling pathway, has attracted
considerable attention in tumor immunotherapy research. However, STING agonists are …

Mitochondria are regarded as the metabolic centers of cells and are integral in many other
cell processes, including the immune response. Each mitochondrion contains numerous …