Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease characterised by elevated levels of
blood glucose, is among the most common chronic diseases. The incidence and prevalence …

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), an important intracellular second messenger,
mediates cellular functional responses in all vital organs. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is …

To date, studies suggest that biological signaling by nitric oxide (NO) is primarily mediated
by cGMP, which is synthesized by NO-activated guanylyl cyclases and broken down by …

The superfamily of cyclic nucleotide (cN) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is comprised of 11
families of enzymes. PDEs break down cAMP and/or cGMP and are major determinants of …

Cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) mediates a wide spectrum of physiologic
processes in multiple cell types within the cardiovascular system. Dysfunctional signaling at …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) modulate the neurohormonal regulation of
cardiac function by degrading cAMP and cGMP. In cardiomyocytes, multiple PDE isozymes …

Abstract The phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, including sildenafil (Viagra™),
vardenafil (Levitra™), and tadalafil (Cialis™) have been developed for treatment of erectile …

The 4th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension was the first international meeting to
focus not only on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but also on the so-called non-PAH …

Background—Experimental interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene overexpression has
shown that interleukin-1 receptor antagonist is cardioprotective during global cardiac …

Expression of the STAT3 transcription factor in the heart is cardioprotective and decreases
the levels of reactive oxygen species. Recent studies indicate that a pool of STAT3 resides …