Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 75–80% of all strokes, is the predominant cause of
morbidity and mortality worldwide. The post-stroke immune response has recently emerged …

Noncanonical NF-κB signaling differs from canonical NF-κB signaling by being activated
through different cell surface receptors, cytoplasmic adaptors, and NF-κB dimers. Under …

TWEAK is a multifunctional cytokine that controls many cellular activities including
proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. TWEAK …

The transcription factor NF-κB is a key regulator of hundreds of genes involved in cell
survival and inflammation. There is ample evidence that NF-κB is activated in cerebral …

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can lead to devastating neurological outcomes, and there
are few pharmacologic treatments available for treating this condition. Both animal and …

Biologics are potential new therapeutics for many diseases of the central nervous system.
Biologics include recombinant lysosomal enzymes, neurotrophins, decoy receptors, and …

First described as a weak apoptosis inducer, the TNF superfamily ligand TWEAK has since
emerged as a cytokine that regulates multiple cellular responses, including proinflammatory …

Background: Novel, effective, and safe drugs are warranted for treatment of ischemic stroke.
Circulating protein biomarkers with causal genetic evidence represent promising drug …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic structure that maintains the homeostasis of the
brain and thus proper neurological functions. BBB compromise has been found in many …

Laminin, a major component of the basement membrane, plays an important role in blood
brain barrier regulation. At the neurovascular unit, brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and …