Abstract Evaluation of environmental risks posed by potentially hazardous substances
requires achieving a balance between over‐and underprotection, ie, between societal …

Earthworms are abundant and very important organisms for both soil formation and the
breakdown of organic matter in most terrestrial ecosystems. They are, in many ecosystems …

The toxicological safety of products developed as alternative for conventional plastics (ie,
petroleum derivatives) inevitably demands conducting (eco) toxicological studies. Thus, the …

The ecological role and importance of molluscs as one of the most species-rich phyla of the
animal kingdom are briefly summarised with special emphasis on certain characteristics …

Esterases as Markers of Exposure to Organophosphates and Carbamates Page 1 Ecotoxicology
8, 369384, 1999 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. Manufactured in the Netherlands …

The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has been used widely as a biomarker
of exposure to organophosphorous pesticides (OPs). However, scientific uncertainty about …

Although nanoplastics (NPs) are known to be toxic to several groups of animals, the effects
of such a toxicity on freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate communities remain unknown …

Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are designed to describe linkages of key events within a
biological pathway that result in an adverse outcome associated with chemical perturbation …

Carboxylesterases in bivalve molluscs exhibit greater sensitivity to organophosphorous and
carbamate pesticides than acetylcholinesterase and are present at higher levels. The aim of …

In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the ranges of variation of
health related biochemical and haematological parameters in wildlife, but information is still …